3. Wuthering Heights, Emily Brontë
One hundred thirty years before it was a Kate Bush song, Wuthering Heights was a great Gothic novel. Like Frankenstein, it was the first (and in this case only) novel by its young female author, with vast, sublime landscapes for its setting and a tragic outcast for its protagonist. Like Frankenstein, Wuthering Heights explores how the haunted can come to haunt others.
Heathcliff is the most Gothic element of Wuthering Heights. Depending on your reading of the novel, he might be considered literally haunted, or he might be a victim of trauma. Like Frankenstein’s creature, Heathcliff has an uncertain sense of his origins and is left eternally in search of a home. He believes he will find this at Wuthering Heights, the remote and forbidding house of the novel’s title.
But Heathcliff is—like many of the Byronic heroes who entered the pages of fiction following Polidori’s The Vampyre—doomed. When his beloved Cathy dies, he descends into cruelty and dies himself after being visited by her ghost.
The novel ends with a vision of the tragic pair’s phantoms haunting the desolate Yorkshire moors they once roamed. One character, keen to reassure himself that they are at peace, watches over their graves and asks himself, “how anyone could ever imagine unquiet slumbers for the sleepers in that quiet earth” (Brontë 1996, ch. 34), but the ghostly lovers have had a long, unquiet afterlife. (Dr. Victoria C. Roskams)
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