For instance, in Charlotte Brontë’s “Jane Eyre,” the character Bertha Mason coined the term “madwoman in the attic.” Mason, who played an antagonist role, was portrayed as “mad,” and a threat to the book’s main character, Jane Eyre, who often struggled with being defiant throughout her adulthood.
While some of Bertha Mason’s actions were questionable, including inflicting physical harm on others, the source of her supposed “madness” can be linked to the fact that her husband locked her up and isolated her. Bertha Mason’s actions were a result of her husband’s suppression, and act as a great contrast to the book’s leading lady. Jane, a character with a tragic childhood, grapples throughout the novel with balancing her independence and the constrictions of society. “Crazy” Bertha Mason, a character who despite having little physical agency lives with more freedom to behave recklessly, juxtaposes Jane seamlessly.
Many popular pieces of modern feminist literature depict women similar to Bertha Mason, in that they are not entirely stable, but in the light of a main character as opposed to the antagonist. Not only do these novels push back against the restrictive ways women have been portrayed in the past, they also embrace the idea that female characters can be morally grey; that female characters and women in real life can be loud, aggressive, passionate and imperfect and still be human and be worthy of recognition. (Cecilia Tiles)
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