Fennell is not the first director to transform the darkness at the heart of this novel into a romantic film. In 1939, William Wyler released an adaptation produced by MGM, which became a global success and received eight Oscar nominations, establishing Wuthering Heights as a revered pop culture icon. In this version, Heathcliff – played by the devastatingly handsome Laurence Olivier – is a lovelorn, disappointed romantic, far more sympathetic than the character in Brontë's novel.
Gone, for example, is the abuse inflicted on children, on his own wife Isabella – whom he marries purely out of revenge – as well as on various animals, especially dogs. In the novel, Brontë often uses cruelty toward animals as a metaphor for domestic violence. "To show battered women directly would have been considered too shocking at the time. So what Emily Brontë does is transfer that violence from the woman's body to that of an animal," explained Athéna Sol, a literature teacher and researcher, in a YouTube video on the subject. The original Heathcliff hangs Isabella's spaniel from a hook before marrying her – a grim foreshadowing of what he will later put her through.
In Fennell's film, these acts of violence have not disappeared entirely, but have instead been reframed as part of a consensual sexual game with Isabella, in the vein of the soft-core erotic romance Fifty Shades of Grey, directed by Sam Taylor-Johnson and released in 2015.
What is entirely left out, however, is the racist violence suffered by Heathcliff. In the novel, he is described as a "gypsy" and "dark-skinned," whose appearance unsettles everyone. He is found by Catherine's family in Liverpool, one of England's main slave-trading ports in the early 19th century. Given that Brontë grew up amid fierce debate over the abolition of slavery, that detail is no mere accident. The film industry has often ignored it, instead casting White actors – from Olivier to the Australian Elordi. Only in 2011 did British director Andrea Arnold cast a Black actor for the role. Her version also included the hanging of Isabella's spaniel, scenes of domestic violence and a necrophilia sequence that is strongly suggested in the novel. In short, the work's deeply political elements remain largely ill-suited to the Valentine's Day tie-in. (Margaux Baralon)
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