In a cultural context where colour-blind casting remains a sensitive issue (see the ongoing hoo-ha around Amazon Prime’s The Lord of the Rings, whose final series has just been released), Fennell’s critics point out that it seems bizarre to cast a white actor (Elordi) in a role that, on paper, is arguably a person of colour.
It would have probably been impossible to cast a black actor in the role of Catherine Earnshaw without a backlash: Catherine represents the Victorian landed gentry at a particular point in British history. But Heathcliff, who we meet as a “dark-skinned gipsy” rescued by the Earnshaws from the Liverpool docks – then the centre of the English slave trade – is very clearly a racially ambiguous character.
He is Catherine’s love interest, yes, but his treatment throughout the book – the constant othering, the continual speculation about his origins: “[his] father was Emperor of China, and [his] mother an Indian queen”, one character says, another: calls him “a little Lascar, or an American or Spanish castaway” – is also representative of imperialist attitudes of the time.
Their competing cultural heritage is an important part of why Catherine and Heathcliff’s love affair is doomed.
Of course, casting decisions also reflect contemporary attitudes, as a brief survey of previous film adaptations of Bronte’s book confirms. In the five English-language film adaptations of Wuthering Heights (there are French, Spanish, Japanese and several Bollywood versions too), Heathcliff has been typically played by famous white men of clear social privilege: Milton Rosmer, Laurence Olivier, Timothy Dalton, Ralph Fiennes.
In an infamously awful “musical-comedy” from 1996, Cliff Richard also cast himself as the tortured hero. The exception to this was the 2011 adaptation by Andrea Arnold, in which black actor James Howson was cast as Heathcliff, opening up a long conversation about representation and bias in the British film industry.
Critics accusing Arnold of giving the book an inappropriate “race-lift” were drowned out by supporters, who proved their case about the period piece by drawing on textual and historical evidence that Heathcliff was clearly not Caucasian at all.
In this context, then, Fennell’s casting can be seen as a step backwards, repatriating a character of colour to a problematic whitewashed tradition. But let’s remember: the film hasn’t started shooting, Fennell and her actors have made no public comment; the adaptation may, like her previous films, shed classic inspiration to offer something very different to what an audience might expect.
Even so, it is hard to imagine that reviews, when they come, will not mention the missed opportunity to add a more authentic and inclusive version to the history of this seminal British story. (Sara Keating)
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