Acton Bell. Currer Bell. Ellis Bell. Any of those names ring a bell?
They did in 19th-century England, as the authors of Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (Acton); Jane Eyre and Shirley (Currer); and Wuthering Heights (Ellis).
And there, in the last title, is the giveaway. Acton, Currer and Ellis were pseudonyms for Alice [sic], Charlotte and Emily and the surname Bell for Brontë.
But why this disguise? Writing in Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell, a preface to the memorial edition of Wuthering Heights that she had prepared, Currer explains: “We agreed to arrange a small selection of our poems, and, if possible, get them printed.
“Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our names under those of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell; the ambiguous choice being dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at assuming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because — without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what is called ‘feminine’ — we had a vague impression that authoresses are liable to be looked on with prejudice; we had noticed how critics sometimes use for their chastisement the scourge of personality, and for their reward, a flattery, which is not true praise.”
This is a magnificent skewering of a critical foible still prevalent today — “the scourge of personality” — and an indictment of the misogyny of the publishing and literary worlds that the Brontës and countless other women writers before and after them encountered. (Darryl Accone)
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