Indonesia and Iran

Brontë research in Indonesia and Iran:

Dysfunctional Behaviour Exhibited By Heathcliff In Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights
Helga Honey Cahyono, Suci Suryani, University of Trunojoyo Madura
Jurnal Langue, Vol. 17 No. 2 Desember (2023)

The aim of this study is to find the cause of dysfunctional behavior through the basic concepts of the character Heathcliff from the novel Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë. The writer uses Sigmund Freud’s theory and Lois Tyson’s approach to dysfunctional behavior to analyze the basic concept of the male main character. The method of this study is that the writer used a qualitative method using the novel Wuthering Heights, edition 2010, as the data: dialog, monologue, and author narration. To support the analysis, the writer uses journals and articles. The result of this study is that the writer found that Heathcliff experienced dysfunctional behavior as shown in basic concepts such as the family as the cause of his revenge, repression and the unconscious as the cause of his defense mechanism, which is displacement, and an unhealthy relationship, which made him suffer from his own behavior until his death.

A Comparative Analysis of the Female Image in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights and Simin Daneshvar’s Suvashun in Light of Elaine Showalter’s Literary Gynocriticism

Sayfollah Mollye Pashaye.  Kheironnesa mohammadpour, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Research in Contemporary World Literature, 28(2), 499-520.

The current study examines two prominent Iranian and British novels, namely Simin Daneshvar’s Suvashun (1969) and Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights (1847) through the theoretical lens of Elaine Showalter’s Anglo-American literary gynocriticism in order to comparatively investigate their social and cultural themes in relation to female identity. Literary gynocriticism is concerned with the figure of the woman as writer, the producer of gynotextual meaning, genres, and a feminine literary tradition. This paper argues that despite the spatial, temporal, and cultural distance between the two novels, a number of common themes can be distinguished in both. These include courtship, marriage, emotional conflicts, education, and striving for female identity, social role, and status. The characterization of the female protagonists in the two novels is aligned with society’s expectations, and the novelists’ protest against male domination and sexual discrimination seem, at best, cautious and conservative. Both of the novels portray the anxieties resulting from the protagonists’ individual position in relation to others and their status as “the second sex.” This shows that these anxieties trouble women around the globe.